
V ^<s- J</y- 



BAKER'S 

PRACTICAL 

STENOGRAPHY 



A TEXT-BOOK 

Of Practical Stenography, designed for Amanuensis 
Work and Verbatim Reporting. 



Simplest and most Legible System yet devised. 



The Only One-Displacement System in Use. The Only System Repre- 
senting Vowels by Shading Consonants. 



7 

C. E. ^AKER, 



Author of "Baker's Science of Accounts" and "Baker's Business Arith metic."^ 

-JTSfconq^ 



BLOOMINGTON, ILL.: 
Pantagraph Printing and Stationery Co 




-1 ^ 



Ccpyright, i88y, 

BY PANTAGRArH PRINTING AND STATIONERY Co. 

Bloomington, Illinois. 



BLOOMINGTON, ILL.: 

Pantagraph Printing and Stationery Co., 

Publishers, Printers, and Binders. 



INTRODUCTION 



BAKER'S Practical Stenography is the cul- 
mination of years of experience, both in 
^teaching and writing a number of systems of 
shorthand, among which is Takigraphy, and of 
which system the author has been a devotee 
for years. Takigraphy has proven itself to be 
superior, for all kinds of shorthand work, to all 
other systems that have come under the author's 
examination. But notwithstanding this fact, 
Practical Stenography possesses many advan- 
tages over Takigraphy. 

The author does not claim to have origin- 
ated an entirely new system, but he does claim 
to have introduced several entirely new and 
advantageous principles, which he confidently 
asserts will add at least twenty-five per cent 
to speed and fifty per cent to legibility. 



(iv) 

In most systems of shorthand there are 
about forty-one characters in the alphabet; in 
Practical Stenography there are but twenty- 
three — a decided saving right here. 

Most systems have from three to five posi- 
tions while Practical Stenography has but one 
displacement, and herein lies a great advantage. 
One of the greatest advantages, however, pos- 
sessed by Practical Stenography over all other 
systems lies in the fact that it represents three 
of the most frequently occurring vowels (a, e, 
and i) in the English language, by a method 
so simple, yet absolutely practicable, that a mere 
child will readily understand it. So far as the 
author's knowledge extends, the idea of repre- 
senting vowels by shading a consonant is entirely 
new; yet what is simpler? When a follows a 
consonant it [a) is represented by simply shad- 
ing the consonant and writing the outline above 
the base line ; when i follows a consonant, shade 
the consonant and write the outline on the base 
line; when e follows a consonant, write the 
outline above the line without shading. In this 
way three-fourths of the words are written. Ail 



: (v) 

other words are written on the line with or with- 
out vowels, according to the judgment of the 
writer. 

The vowels in Practical Stenography are 
the simplest imaginable, and are of such a char- 
acter that they will readily connect with ninety- 
nine outlines out of a hundred. Here is another 
great advantage over other systems. 

In this system there is less memorizing, 
less to confuse the learner, less to learn, than 
in any other system of shorthand that has yet 
been produced. 

The advantages of Practical Stenography 
may be briefly summed up as follows: The 
fewest number of characters in its alphabet, 
each letter in the alphabet being made light 
and distinguished by pairs or forms; the sim- 
plest representation of the vowels; and last 
but not least, no exceptions to rules. 

In the preparation of Practical Stenogra- 
phy the author is thoroughly cognizant of the 
requisites of shorthand, as practically applied, 
and says, with the fullest confidence, that this 
system will stand any test to which it may be 



(vi) 

submitted. When it comes to speed, it is the 
equal of any other system in use. When the 
question of legibility is raised, it stands pre- 
eminently superior. 

In conclusion, all the author asks is a care- 
ful and impartial trial of this work. 



HOW TO USE THE BOOK. 



First master the alphabet. Learn that p 
and b, g and k, d and t, v and f, s and z, j and 
ch, go in pairs, that is, that one character stands 
for p or b; one character for g or k, etc. 

After mastering the alphabet, practice on 
the joinings; then take up, as they appear in 
the text, the principles, selecting from a speller 
or other book, such words as apply thereto. 
Continue in this way until the principles have 
been thoroughly fixed. This will bring you to 
Part 2. 

Little attention should be paid to Rule of 
Place till all the vowels are thoroughly mas- 
tered. 



(vii) 

As each exercise is taken up in Part 2, it 
should be drilled on till a speed of at least 100 
words per minute is attained. 



NOTE TO STUDENTS. 



Where two or more students are studying in 
the same school they can be of great assistance 
to one another, by dictating to one another, 
comparing notes, etc. 

The time in which one may prepare himself 
for business depends upon the system, effort 
put forth, and the ability. Every correction 
made by the teacher must be carefully noted 
and always remembered. A scholar should 
never allow the teacher to correct the same 
mistake the second time. 

Attend strictly to business. Talk about noth- 
ing in the school room that does not concern, 
directly, your studies. A strict observance of 
the above will certainly bring success in a very 
short time to the student of Practical Stenog- 
raphy. 



BAKER'S 

Practical Stenography 



ALPHABET. 



CONSONANTS. 

BP GK DT VF SZ Sh Zh J Ch 

I N> = ) ^ ( Err 

M N Ng L R Wh W H Y Th Q 

C...^..^.....J...Z.. </... S / <^..,2\ L 

VOWELS. 

e a i o oo u oi ow 



U n /- 



\j& y A 



Note. — The consonants should be made about one- 
fourth of an inch in length, and the vowels one-fourth 
the length of the consonants, 



PART FIRST. 



EXPLANATIONS. 

Part First is devoted to the elucidation of 
the principles and theoretical part of the sys- 
tem, all of which the student must thoroughly 
master before taking up Part Second. 

In this system words are represented by 
consonant outlines and by vowels. 

Vowels are written, and represented by shad- 
ing, as explained elsewhere. 

In the application of consonants, in this sys- 
tem, the student's mind is not burdened with 
making a distinction between "A_brupts," "Con- 
tinuants," "Liquids," "Nasals," "Coalescents," 
and the "Aspirate," but learns them without 
reference to classification. 

All consonants are made light, being dis- 
tinguished by either form or pairs. 



(3) 

A consonant written above the line takes e 
immediately after it. 

A consonant written above the line and 
shaded, implies a as the next letter. When 
written on the line and shaded, i is understood 
to follow. 

When e, a, or i does not follow the initial 
consonant, the consonant outline is written 
freely on the line, with or without vowels. 

When a vowel is initial, it is joined to the 
following consonant. 

RULE FOR PLACE. 

When the most prominent vowel in a word 
is e, the consonant outline is written above the 
line, thus: 

Wedlock head send mend 



When the most prominent vowel in a word 
is a, shade the leading consonant and write the 
outline above the line, thus: 

Make lake slack command 



(4) 

When the most prominent vowel in a word 
•is z, write the consonant outline on the line, 
shading the leading consonant, thus: 

Binding find signed mind 

Lo^ L.^ ^^.. /?. 



(5 ) 



PRINCIPLES OF CONTRACTION. 



L AND R COMPOUNDS. 

When L or R blends with a preceding con- 
sonant, the compound is represented by turn- 
ing a hook on the right or upper side of straight 
stems for L, and to the opposite or under side 
for R, as pi I in play, kl \ in cling, pr / 
in pray, tr c in tray, etc. On curves the 
hook is turned on the concave side. 

CIRCLES AND LOOPS. 

A small circle, o , is used for S and Z in most 
cases, instead of the alphabetical form. This 
is done to secure convenience in joining, brev- 
ity of outline, and greater ease in writing. The 
circle is used at the beginning and ending of 
words, between consonants, etc. 

When S is initial and the sound of R does 
not blend with an intermediate consonant, as 



(6) 

in spring, strange, etc., the circle is written on 
the upper side of left obliques, the right side 
of perpendiculars, and the under side of right 
obliques. It is joined to the initial end of the 
consonant immediately following S, thus: sk \ 
in skill, sp I in spell, sr o in service. 

When S is final the circle is written on the 
upper side of the last consonant, thus: 
ts ■ — in wits, ks x> in weeks, ps b j n 
grapes, rs / in course. 

The circle is joined to the concave side of 
curves, thus: 

sv J in several, sf / in suffer, sm o in 
small, and is written initially and finally as on 
straight stems. 

The circle is also elongated to represent st 

and str. For st elongate the circle one-half 

the length of the stem to which it is attached. 

This principle is used initially and finally, thus: 

Still storm mast feast just 

j Z_jl I ^ 

To represent str elongate the circle two- 
thirds the length of the consonant, as above. 



(7) 

This principle is also used initially, and finally, 
thus: 

Stream struck straight 

f 



fester lustre muster plaster 

\ ^ Z* { 



> Under the foregoing rule this principle may 
also be used on the following vowels: e, a, o, 
and u.> 

When s blends with a following consonant 
and r, the compound may be represented by 
writing the circle on the r side of the conson- 
nant, that is. on the left side of perpendiculars 
and the under side of horizontals. The circle 
is also used for z, when final, and is made twice 
its normal size for ss, thus: 

system possess races pieces roses 

U Lr, *_ ^ .S 

RL. 

Rl is written, by turning a hook on the upper 
end and lower side of r, thus: in relative, 

as 



(8) 
CON, COM, AND COG. 

These prefixes are represented by a tick, 
struck in any direction that will connect it con- 
veniently with the following consonant, thus: 
as in command convenient 

i 



comrade consolation convalescent. 

TER, DER, AND THER. 

This principle is represented by making the 
final consonant twice its normal length for ter 
or der, and three times its normal length for 
ther, thus: 

matter batter harder sister 



blister lather father either 



LL^. ) 



(9) 



MISCELLANEOUS PRINCIPLES. 



The syllable ed, is represented by placing a 
dot at and near the end of the final consonant, 
thus: 
wedded beheaded educated listed 

Sw is represented by converting- the w hook 
into a circle, thus: 

The sound of n at the end of words and 
syllables, and in the middle of words where no 
vowel follows it, is represented by a small 
terminal hook turned on the left and under 
side of straight stems; and on the inside of 
curves. 

Illustration : 

pin heaven open ten main rain 

j _<? i -=■ r c 



(IO) 

S terminating n-hook words is made by con- 
verting the hook onto the circle. This prin- 
ciple may be made use of on curved conso- 
nants by writing the circle within the curve. 

Illustration: 
pains bones prunes fence nuns wakens 

J J, i__ I — ?. r3> 

The large circle and loop are written on the 
n-hook side to express ns-s, nst, and nstr. 

Examples: 

expenses chances entranced 



5 



pranced punster 

3 i 



SHUN AND ESHUN HOOK. 

The syllable shun following a stem conso- 
nant is made by turning a terminal hook on 
the right and upper side of straight stems and 
a large hook on curves. 

Examples: 
passion addition expression 

I ^7 



u 



(II) 

position completion option 

The shn hook may be turned on u, o, and e, 
thus: in solution; in motion, etc. 

HALF LENGTHS. 

A stem may be halved to add the sound of t 
or d at the end jof words or- syllables,, 

Illustration: 

let head fed late spite end 

> ^ . > V i - 

TO ADD P OR B TO EM. 

A hook turned on the convex side of m im- 
plies p or b and is then called emp or emb. 
Illustration: 
imp bump lamp stamp 

-z.. ¥... ±1L rL 

glimpse embargo pomp 

u. z^. „ £ 

To add a following r, lengthen the emp. 
Illustration: 
bumper stamper^ limbej 

til 



chamber 



(12) 



empire 



slumber 



IN AND IM. 

In and im are represented by the alpha- 
betical I. 

Illustration: 

instant intend inculcate 



■drr> 



^ 



nduce 



institution 



ING. 

The added syllable ing, at the end of words, 
is represented by turning a hook on the convex 
side of ng. 

Illustration: 
singing swinging banging flinging 



% 



LARGE HOOK ON W, H, AND Y. 

L may be added to h, y, and w by making 
the hook large. 



( i3) 



CONTRACTIONS. 



Our language is made up very largely of cer- 
tain words, such as and, the, of, all, there, their, 
is, as, such, etc. Below will be fourfd a full list 
of such words which the pupil must thoroughly 
master. 

The there their this them they 



..i.r 


^ 


^ 


^> 


^ 


V 


those 


these 


think 


thing 


that 


and 


Vo 


\o 


V 


V 


v^ 


%&' 



it to or from have has his 

- - / 2 i / L 

we with will well as is what 



.0 O 



CM) 

would should you your could 

....c/ ] c cy_ J_ \ 

which all without already almost 

..c-r. *.. A ^rr. .Jt. 

altogether but who whom whose 

_A. i ^ ._ I, - 

ought aught be by at give much 

±± *= i i ^n \ r 

such in how pay up buy it to 

^ > ^ ! i i — — 

dollar do had advantage to together 

_= - rL IL = z\_ 

if for off ever thee thy me my 

u «) ) V sy. v. C /l 

may am any know no are or our 

il_j~±i ^L w Z. Z_ 



( '5 ) 
she wish was language long willing 



I «z 

peculiar-ly-ity belong become because 
talk take till tell knowledge 



came come effect affect fact forever 

V \ r 1 I ^ \ 



forever and ever familiar-ly-ity regular 



regularly regularity irregular irregularly 



irregularity represent representative 



notwithstanding into unto nevertheless 



(i6) 
anything nothing only gentlemen gentleman 

^. rv. ^ ^f S 

first themselves subject subjected suggest 

I Zh ^ I I ^ _ 

signature several as well as as soon as 

1 1 J <lj> 

so some say necessary honest something 
OLA* 

■£_ ^ ^ r\_ 

whoever whomsoever outward inward let 

>: -v. ^ ti l 

important immediately astonished remember 

...z ; n *= Z..._ 

principle- pal through child children collect 

1 -v ^ ^ 



correct aggregate remark dear account 



(■7) 
separate surprise school mile mileage 

± I \ z2.. 

immoral immortal spirit instruct 

^... ^ I *=x- 

scarce scarcely supply. 

JV. . *StL—JL. - - 

ABBREVIATIONS ON, THE N HOOK. 

Then than begun been done began 

-, ^ ^ J a is 

sudden correspond learn can can't 
question men man happen attend tend 

c^ z&f C- 2 ~ =2- 

attending women woman behind turn 

~ ^r Z I ^J 

blend prominent gained understand 

£ ^ V __ 



(i8) 



subsequent frequent potent. 



i 



L 



Note.-— A tick may be drawn across, a vowel or 
shaded consonant representing a or i, to indicate the 
short sound of the vowel. Bate is distinguished from 
Bat thus: bat.... Bate, j hod ^=— Bite.t- Bitrt-- 
Matie/TT =. Mattie /- --. 

When the outline is written in theV place and the 
short sound of e is wanted, it may be indicated by draw- 
ing a tick across the first consonant. *" 



PART SECOND. . 



As will be seen, the remaining part of this 
work is devoted principally to "Exercises in 
Joinings/' "Reading and Writing Exercises," 
" Exercise on Out-lining," and upon which the 
scholar must practice faithfully and diligently. 

Note. — For the sake of practice on the vowels, the 
first three or four reading exercises are given, first with 
vowels; second, according to Rule of Place. 



CONSONANT JOININGS. 



Tk tm mk nk kn nm nn 



mm 



pk pm chk chm chn ml kl nf 

A \r 



(*<?) 

fi If pt bt tp tb ft vt tf 

HA L L n n L. Ln 

chp pch fch fr kt nt kp np 

fn L. 1= h U.^=...I] n 

nf nv kf kv kch kj uch ktk 

1 r2. b ^ ^= 2w=e=^=} 

ktn ntr nt rnt trn nrt trn 

pr pf pi pp pj bn bm bt bd 

...k U U 1 L L \C. U L 

ns nm nl nr nn nv nb rn rb rs 

^.— I :J. ^lldA 



(21) 



SHORTHAND NOTES. 



EXERCISE I. 



V 







(22) 

EXERCISE I. 
(According to Rule of Place.) 



O o , 


_f~ ) a ^_ _ 


u , > 


.—/>S....: 


=.o„cyj t^_ 


-....rrrcZX..t/T^. 


^ 








/h -zlzC_ 


_ ^,^ y _- l _ 


*_*^*i-Ll 


/\ 


wV^— f) l ' o_/_ 


-A-_£- 


ju 


_r— — \-_ /I- 


_^_^ k 


"7 ■ 


^>/ w )^- LP/ 


-kV 


u 


\)x — ^w _ J °~~ J ^-^sy n 


^^£-==-2_^Z^= 


-a^ r .. 


^/ mm0 j 


^ nJ Y ^ ^ \)* ^ 


.'/.^ ^j_ 


_.Z. ^ 


^ >C 











(23) 
EXERCISE II. 



"^k 



k 



r- 



\J... 






c/ <> 



u-\\v> 



.W...h..Z^„..^...A,.Z]x. 



.A 






* a. 



i \j^AJjL.^. c^.1 tZ7., 

=-== =^A.V..x 



.<-N 



(2 4 ) 



EXERCISE II. 
{According to Rule of Place.) 



K, 



k=k*k>: 



X 



_^ 



l^ = :k= 



X. 



-v_._ vli /: k^.. v :,....z...k 

1 X7^^u ^\ 



Vo 



..A 

X.. 

\ x 



v ) 



£^ ...-- 7.. X. 



.— T?.....cr..Sr....-rrT. 



LA— A cX 



X. 



(25) 

EXERCISE III. 



tjrjZ ^ L\l W JZzCxZl 






zu^i. 



Wiv ^...L. 



— v X 



<^° 



x. 






.*;.. 



(26) 



EXERCISE III. 
{According to Rule of Ptoce.) 



<c 






d^is 



^~.^.\ 

j£L_ d. _L a ,g=±~ Tx "V 



.L-A 




<M^ 



^ 2> i 






(*7) 

EXERCISE IV. 



~o 



C 



Z±LrL~ „h_yl.J*..^..-«Z 

.^ l/-^v.V — n~ 

..a.....x.....o ZV\ o ^ n-'L — -* 



^..Zl ZD....^.....^.....,...!2x..Z. 

? >^ L — ^-^gr ■■— -^ / / — ] ~> 

^...,a2}.. A^Zkiy/x 

k^t Z.Z V^ L\k. 

...^ d. z±2^aJk. )<— 

...^ < ^:...^Z.^ ^ 

l^..^......^....!'^..* 



(28) 

EXERCISE V. 

J \ k^Lj^lL til 

<r k .sx S^is. _, 

^~P 



^\ . r 



K*>l n ^ f^o * 



^..^ 



\ 



t/. 



>?X 



1/ 



"^ ^7 



...x. 



( 29 > 
EXERCISE VI. 



fV ^- T -Ax' «- 

) s 



wLzri 



.^ 



A^^C^r: 



<J~< J 

2zlla t^/rr:.&..M.2 

^p... u ^. 



1_ u 

1 Z..~. i '..IX...A i/*-/" c^ 

L .!)-k.n>. 1..Z ^-*Lo^uJL*££L 



%. 



< X„— * 



V 



v.. 



ZL 



(3o) 
EXERCISE VII. 




- x„C— ,"l~t. L -«/-" 

- ^^ )Ox 



WRITING AND DICTATING EXERCISES. 



EXERCISE I. 

Set a time for each duty, and do it at the 
right time. 

Do as you wish others to do to you. 

When you feel angry it is well to think long 
ere you speak. 

When you speak, think to whom you speak, 
of whom you speak, and say only that which 
you know to be just and right. 

There is a time for work, and there is a time 
for play; a time to think, and a time to speak; 
a time to talk, and a time to keep silence. 

Try to do that which is right, and avoid that 
which is wrong. 

Scorn to do a mean action, 

Time and tide will stay for none. 

If our souls are at ease, we may smile at 
trouble. 

Show me a liar, and I will show you a thief. 

Few people are out of the reach of slander. 



(30 

EXERCISE II. 

Both of us went to the bath to bathe. 

Bear the palm alone. 

He left the path and went to poach on his 
neighbor's farm, but he brought no game in 
his pouch. 

Mr. Pike, a miserable old poke, brought a 
huge pack. 

He tried to bake a cake. 

He was more than a match for the mob. 

Let us take a walk and have a long talk. 

He wrote a dime novel about a very tame 
dog. 

Tom Dodge tried to learn to set type. 

I see a duck and an owl. 

Pay up your bills. 

It will be your dollar each time they go. 



EXERCISE III. 



You may pick a peck of peaches for me. 
He hung the pig on a peg in the beam. 
Charles says he saw the boy run. 
Mattie says the book is on the table. 



(33) 

The boom may jibe over and push Mr. Booth 
into the water. 

Mr. Beach threw a bie bung" and hit Tom on 
the tooth. 

Dr. Ting sways people with his tongue. 

Dick tried to tip the tub over. 

Cheap Jim gave his chum a check. 

He told a fib when he said he didn't care a 
fior for the fume. 

The ship took a tug, but the captain remained 
on deck. 



EXERCISE IV. 



Edgar said he could read the shorthand 
readily. 

The happy event took place during the month 
of September. 

If you catch the bird I will give you a cage 
to keep it in. 

A moth eot in her muff and ruined it. 

I saw the mob move on led by a knave. 

He made a notch with his knife. 

Messrs. Kobb and Kipp always keep a coach 
to carry them home. 



(34) 

Mr. Nash left his cap and cup out by the 
coop. 

Alice has been teaching in the college for 
eight years. 

She went with him to the park on the thir- 
tieth day of August. 



exercise v. 

(The following are to be written according to Rule of Place.) 

Mike Mack said he would have won the 
game if he had held the king. 

He rang the bell to call the gang to dinner. 

Mag sat in a shady nook and called the nag 
to her. 

Her name was Meg, and she would mock at 
everybody who came her way. 

Nothing would ail him if he would not drink 
beer. 

How high that hill is. 

John Wright can write a good hand and 
spell all the words right. 

I did not see the apple which you told me 
was on the table. 



(35) 
EXERCISE VI. 

My cane is broken in the middle. 
Did you see the boy throw the stick at the 
dog? 

Is the red hen in the shed? 

Yes, and she is well fed. 

Take that stick out and throw it in the street. 

The " Song of the Brooklet " is a very pretty 
piece of music. 

Charles composed a number of good pieces 
and played them well. 

She wrote some short stories for the paper. 

I can not find my pen and ink. 

I will write you a long letter when you go 
to the city. 

The child will cry if it cannot have the bread. 

He can climb trees of any height. 



EXERCISE VII. 

The pretty maid ran in the house. 
I saw him pare the apple and peach and 
divide them between the man and boy. 
Have you seen our grain bin ? 



(36 J 

It is my aim to go to the city next week to 
see the sights. 

His sole aim was to save his soul. 

It is not my desire to go to the woods on 
such a damp day. 

It was of no use that we sent him our address 
for he was unable to read it. 

When your letter came we were all at the 
seaside. 

I wish to know the price of the book and 
when it will be ready for sale. 



(37) 



DREAMS OF CHILDHOOD. 



As I sit in my study at twilight, gazing 
dreamily at the flickering light of the coals, I 
wander back to the days of my childhood. In 
fancy I am again in the old farmhouse on the 
hill, with father, mother, brothers, and sisters 
about the open fireplace. Mother sits by the 
table with her basket of mending- and sewing, 
while father, on the other side, reads to her. 

The scene grows brighter and larger; we 
children are reclining on the rugs, watching the 
corn as it gaily bursts from its hardened shell 
and comes out in its pure, snowy dress ; eating 
nuts, telling riddles and stories, and now and 
then reciting portions of our lessons. At length 
the eyes' fringed curtains begin to droop, which 
is the signal for evening prayers and good- 
nights. The covers are gently tucked about 
us by loving hands, and all too soon for us 
comes the morning. — Extract, 



(38) 

SHORT SENTENCES. 



It is red. 

We shall go. 

There they go. 

That is the place. 

It is their intention. 

He did his part well. 

That is the best way, 

Is he a praying man? 

I am almost sick of it. 

I cannot go with them. 

You did not blame him. 

And why did you do it? 

And he went in with us, 

He must get out of town. 

Fling it in the fire at once. 

How long did he stay there? 

Such a time as we are having. 

I think he is a perfect gentleman. 

Who has a better right to sit here? 

For the most part he is well posted. 

It is impossible to go through that way. 

There are those who are willing to go with us. 



(39) 

He led her in. 

And they said. 

She is a wonder. 

Let us be happy. 

There they come. 

Give me that string. 

Bring me that lamp. 

Bring me that letter. 

He will pass muster. 

His chances are good. 

Those are sweet roses. 

She is good in addition. 

Let us go to the timber. 

He has great inspiration. 

What a fine chamber set. 

He possesses a fine farm. 

He makes a good umpire. 

That is her ruling passion. 

I will submit it to inspection. 

He was a very slender person. 

That is my fence across the way. 

Are you going to the convention ? 

I believe in protection and prohibition. 

It is impossible to go through that way. 



Her father is here, 
• He is my comrade. 

He is a ereat batter. 

He is well educated. 

You can induce him. 

She has come at last. 

Did you consult him ? 

It is very much faded. 

It blended very nicely. 

She did not command him. 

She is swinging and singing. 

The sun has blistered my face. 

Give me that lump of maple sugar. 

That is my sister, and that gentleman is her 
lover. 

This system of shorthand is bound to take 
the lead. 

The erounds are well shaded, and the hill is 
nicely graded. 



(4i) 



EXTRACT FROM TESTIMONY. 



{Reported by Mat tie A, Long.) 

Mr. Rolofson, duly sworn, testified as follows : 

Q. — What is your name? 

A. — James Rolofson. 

Q. — Will you please state to the jury what 
you know about this case? 

A. — Well, I sold Miss Hollister a note, the 
note in question, on the 8th day of February. 

Q. — What was the face of the note? 

A— $152.49, 

Q. — What rate of interest did the note draw 
when you sold it? 

A> — Eight per cent. 

Q — Did you know, or were you under the 
impression that the interest on that note had 
been raised? 

A. — No, sir. 

Q. — You bought it under the impression that 
it was bearing eight per cent interest? 

A. — Yes, sir. 

Q. — And sold it under the same impression ? 

A. — Yes, sir. 

-6 



(42) 



EMPLOY TIME TO ADVANTAGE. 



If you have but ten minutes a day to em- 
ploy in study you should use them to the best 
advantage. Take up a certain study or work, 
and devote your time to that one thing until 
you have finished the task. If you learn only 
one important fact a day, you will, in twenty 
years, have become a well educated man or 
woman. 

Lord Chesterfield wrote a book on "Ab- 
struse Character" while waiting for his wife 
to appear at breakfast. Elihu Burrett, the 
" Learned Blacksmith," studied while at his 
anvil. James Garfield made the most of his 
evenings after his labors for the day were over, 
and prepared himself for college. One of our 
most renowned women learned the German 
language while standing at the ironing board. 

The majority of our eminent men and women 
have had very few educational advantages. 



(43) 



CLASSIFIED LIST OF NOUNS, CONJUNC- 
TIONS, PREPOSITIONS, ETC. 



Under this head is given a classified list of 
conjunctions, nouns, prepositions, etc., arranged 
in the form of sentences. 

The important parts of speech under this 
head are represented by italics. The words 
in italics represent, for the most part, the words 
most frequently used, and must be particularly 
noted by the learner. 

The scholar will take up these lists sepa- 
rately, write, read, re-write and re-read the 
same until perfect familiarity is obtained. 



CONJUNCTIVE SENTENCES. 



I took the book and the paper. 

You may go to the store, and also to the 

house. 



(44) 

You shall go although it may rain. 

You must remain at home, as I shall go away. 

The boy does not read his lesson well be- 
cause he did not study, 

I shall go, but you may stay. 

I think it will rain, consequently shall ride. 

You may take either the black or the brown 
book. 

I must go even though it should rain all day. 

All went to the park except the child. 

You must not go for it is dark. 

You will see it if you go before night. 

I shall not ride, lest he come while I am gone. 

He did not see them; moreover, he did not 
know that they were -here. 

He went to school notwithstanding his sick- 
ness. 

The girl laid the book on the table or the 
chair. 

You may have it, provided she does not 
want it. 

I went to the house with them, seeing that 
I was needed. 

I shall not see her, therefore you may take 
the flowers. 



(45) 

They all expect to remain in Italy save Dane. 

I must go to the city, unless it is your inten- 
tion to attend to the business. 

He wanted to see the letter, yet he can not 
read. 



CONJUNCTIVE PHRASE-SENTENCES. 



He began the task as if it were easy, 

I remember it as though it were yesterday. 

The girl did not learn her lesson as well as 
she might have done. 

I will be ready as soon as I finish my letter. 

The small church is not as far as the large 
one. 

As many as can may go. 

You may have the book for as much as I 
paid for it. 



PREPOSITION SENTENCES. 



The boy laughs at his mistake. 
The picture hangs above the mantel. 
My friends will come in about ten days. 



(46) 

The horse ran across the field. 

I went away after the teacher had gone. 

The waves beat against the shore. 

The boy ran along near the beach. 

We walked amid the trees of the orange 
grove. 

The boys hid among the trees. 

The ship sailed around the globe. 

I have never before seen such a vast multi- 
tude. 

The tree stood behind the building. 

The ship was buried beneath the waves. 

There was only a narrow walk between the 
house and the river. 

The town beyond Lexington is Concord. 

Icebergs from the Arctic Ocean melt in the 
Gulf Stream. 

Journeys into the interior are rarely made. 

The Mayflower sailed /tywz Plymouth. 

Birds in great numbers fly over this grove. 

They went past the woods last night. 

We shall pass through the valley. 

The rabbit hid under the bush. 

The planet with the rings is Saturn. 



(47) 

PRONOUN SENTENCES, 



You and /are of the same age. 

He told us how he was compelled to go. 

She took us down to the lake to see the boats. 

/saw it myself while / was walking in the 
meadow. 

He can not do the work himself. 

She went by herself to the city. 

The child will hurt itself if you do not watch it. 

The man who predicted a storm was correct 
in his prophecy. 

Whoever desires may go. 

Whosoever will may come. 

The boat which sailed down the river was 
wrecked. 

You may take zvhichever you like. 

Do yotc know what caused the fire? 

Whatever is best that you should do. 



IRREGULAR VERB SENTENCES. 



Where will we be this time next year? 
He beat the doo- with a club. 



(48) 

Can you begin the work to-day? 
He could not bend the stick. 
I beseech you not to take the book away. 
I bid you go at once. 
You can bind the shock with a cord. 
The dog can bite and bark. 
The wind may blow the house over. 
She could not break the stick. 
Bring me that black book. 
He will build a house and barn on the cor- 
ner lot. 

I told him I would not buy the basket. 
He cast the net into the sea. 
Can you catch any fish? 

You should not chide the child. 

« 

If you choose to cling to those ideas you 
may leave. 

I dare not allow the crow to come out, as the 
cat may creep out and catch it. 

In her dream she saw the horse draw the 
load to the well, where it took a drink of cool 
water, 

The Indians dwell in huts. 

The chickens will eat the corn that you feed 
them, and the crumbs thatyW/ from the plate. 



(49) 

The man said he went out to fight, but we 
saw him flee from the enemy and fling his gun 
away. 

When the young birds can fly the parents 
will forsake them. 

The plant will not grow if you let it hang in 
the shade. 

The man will hew the log to build a fire, so 
that he may not freeze, 

Did you hurt your hand when you tried to 
hold the horse? 

I did not know that you could knit. 

John said he would meet him in the lane and 
pay him. 

He would not quit until he had mz^the book 
through. 

He could not ride while the horse ran. 
Why did you not sell your share of the crop ? 
The flannel will shrink if you wash it in hot 
water. 

I saw the cat slink around the house when 
the man shut the door. 

Mary said she would not sing until she could 

sleep. 

He can speak in a loud voice. 

—7 



(5°) 



Each of the following selections should be writ- 
ten and re-written till a speed of at least 
125 words per minute has been obtained. 

TRUE ENERGY. 



' "Energy is an affair of the mind. It springs 
from an interest in life, and a manly determi- 
nation to make the most of it. There is a 
specious form of energy which consists in 
puerile and impatient determination to "do" or 
"be" something. Little good comes to this 
false strength of purpose. Energy has rather 
to do with the details of an effort than its end. 
Hope may dwell on the future, but energy 
grapples with the present. It shows itself in a 
disciplined and persistent struggling with obsta- 
cles, an unwearied endeavor to push forward 
the task in hand. It is important to make the 
distinction we are trying to indicate. Many a 
young man has a determination as to the end 
for which he is striving, but lacks the power to 
fight the difficulties he encounters by the way. 



(SO 

Energy does not concern itself with the end, 
just as a soldier does not busy himself with 
battle as a whole. He concentrates every 
thought upon the discharge of his personal 
duty — the duty of the moment. So should it 
be with energy. The man who would make a 
success in life should brace everv nerve to the 
struggle and enterprise, and see that the busi- 
ness of the day is done with his "might." Some 
persons are said to be constitutionally full of 
energy; as a matter of experience this often 
means that they are perpetually in a fussy 
state of activity. This is not the energy of the 
sort which makes the life vigorous or useful. 
True energy is generally "quiet" and self-con- 
tained, just as a strong will is commonly calm 
in its expression and associated with a certain 
reserve of character that makes it almost mys- 
rious in its supremacy. Those who would get 
on in life must cultivate energy; and it is well 
to see that it takes the form of solid and re- 
strained strength, the force that will pass 
straight forward rather than dart off, as though 
by inspiration, in a wrong direction, or wear 
itself out in a single burst." — Selected. 



(50 



WELCOME ADDRESS 

Made Before the Shorthand Writers' Congress at 
Cincinnati, O., by Judge Foraker. 



"Mr. Chai7-man, Ladies and Gentlemen: 

"The shorthand writers of Cincinnati are such a 
worthy class of persons, they are so capable, so efficient 
so clever, so obliging in the performance of their duties 
and in the pursuit generally of their profession, that it 
would be extremely difficult, I should think, for any one, 
under any circumstances, to deny them any reasonable 
request. To me, indebted to them as I am for innumer- 
able kindnesses, it is nothing less than a pleasing privi- 
lege to have the honor of saying for them a few words 
of welcome to you. The greatest embarrassment I ex- 
perience in coming now to the discharge of this trust is 
to think of words adequate to fitly express the warmth 
and the cordiality of the greeting I am deputed to extend. 
"Our city, to which they would have me bid you wel- 
come, is not, as you are aware, so old, nor is it so large 
or so rich as some others in the land. Nevertheless, I 
venture to say that you will find it quite as well filled as 
any with valuable testimonials to a proper appreciation 
for all that pertains to art, science, and industry, to the 
education, elevation, and ennoblement of the human 
race. The smoke of our furnaces, the hum of our facto- 



(53) 

ries, and the clang of our machine shops, will discourse 
to you more eloquently than I can of what we have 
done and what we are doing for manufactures. A south- 
ern railway, which has cost us more than twenty millions 
of dollars, and three great iron bridges that span our 
river, will speak to you more powerfully than any words 
of our appreciation for commerce, and of our disposition 
and daring capacity for gigantic enterprise. A dozen 
beautiful parks, and hundreds of acres of still more 
beautiful suburbs, will serve to give you some idea of 
our taste for comfort, refinement, beauty, and adorn- 
ment. Our public charities, scattered throughout the 
limits of our city, and consisting of every known 
kind and description, together with our public fountain, 
our music hall, our school of design, our art museum, 
that is to be, and institutions of like character too 
numerous to mention, will tell you, at once and the same 
time, of a culture, a humanitarianism, and of a princely 
generosity on the part of their donors, sufficient to excite 
the admiration of all mankind ; while our schools and 
colleges, universities, libraries, and churches, on every 
hand abounding, warrant the assertion that in this com- 
munity that intelligence and morality which constitute 
the bulwarks of our free American institutions, have not 
been neglected ; neither are they lacking for appreciation 
or cultivation. I am sure I need not stop to argue that 
a people who can point you to such monuments as these 
of what they have done, what they are doing, and what 
they propose to do, are glad to have you come among 
them, for such purposes as bring you here, the represent- 
atives of a profession so ancient, so useful, and so hon- 
orable as is that to which you belong. (Applause). At 
the same time, for I must not mislead you, you will find 



(54) 

that here, as elsewhere, there is not, perhaps, one person 
in ten thousand who has any practical knowledge of 
stenography. But while this is so, it is also, on the 
other hand, equally true, that all are keenly alive to the 
fact that your profession is one of the most efficient aids 
that can be named to that progressive activity which is 
everywhere energizing the world and distinguishing the 
times in which we live. (Applause). All know and ap- 
preciate that the wonderful achievements of the press, 
whereby we have spread before us each morning the 
previous day's transactions of the world, and made pos- 
pible scarcely less by the scratch of your pencil than 
by the click of the telegraph. Yes. In the courts, in 
the counting houses, in the halls of legislation, in the 
field with the armies, everywhere, wheresoever there is 
a sound worthy to be written, there you are to catch it, 
preserve, it and reproduce it. Through your aid we are 
at once made acquainted not only with the great debates 
of the American congress, the British parliament, the 
French assembly, and the German reichstag, but we are 
given the very words themselves, so fresh from their lips 
that we can almost hear them — of the Gladstones, the 
Gambettas, and the Bismarcks of those great bodies. 

"And what you are thus doing to-day your predecessors 
did in the great assemblages of the earth more that two 
thousand years ago, notwithstanding Mr. Pitman's article 
in te Commercial this morning. (Applause). For Plu- 
tarch tells us, in his "Life of Cato, the Younger," in his 
account of the great Catilinian debate, that Cicero had 
selected a number of the swiftest writers, to whom he 
had taught the art of abbreviating words by the use of 
characters, and had stationed them at different parts in 
the senate house, and thus it was that one of the most 



(55) 

vehement and effective orations that ever fell from the 
lips of a Roman was perpetuated to posterity. We 
learn, too, from history, that it is much more than prob- 
able that but for the help of stenography Xenophon 
would never have been able to give to us his 'Memo- 
rabilia of Socrates ;' and Julius Caesar himself bears 
witness that but for his proficiency in the art it would not 
have been possible for him to have given to the world 
some of its best literature. 

"A profession for which so much can be said"; a pro- 
fession that thus antedates the christian era, that flour- 
ished with Greece and Rome, survived the barbarian 
deluge of the middle ages, rose again with the revival of 
learning, to spread all over the civilized globe, and be- 
come, as it is to-day, everywhere, the recognized ally of 
the activity and intellectuality of man, is welcome, wel- 
come, thrice welcome to the 'Queen City of the West.' " 
(Great applause). 



ABSTRACT 



From Responsive Address, by Mr. George H. 
Thornton, of Buffalo, N. Y. 



"Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen: 

"It is with great pleasure that we have had the honor 
to be welcomed to this beautiful city, for our first annual 
meeting, by the distinguished gentleman who has just 
addressed us. We wish to thank him for his kindly 
greeting and his earnest words of welcome. It is espec- 
ially grateful to us that this welcome greeting should 
come from one who has occupied the position of an hon- 



(56) 

ored member of the bench of this city. The relations 
of professional stenographers as a class to the members 
of the bench have always been, so far as my knowledge 
extends, peculiarly pleasant. I believe I do not exag- 
gerate, when I say that the judges of the courts have 
done more for the stenographic profession than any 
other class of citizens. Their recognition of the value 
of stenographic work, and their readiness and willing- 
ness at all times to interpose in the stenographer's behalf, 
have done very much toward elevating the profession in the 
minds of the members of the bar and others with whom 
they have been thrown in contact, and given the stenog- 
rapher himself a higher idea of the nature and character 
of his duties. And therefore it is that we deem it fortu- 
nate to be thus warmly welcomed by the gentleman who 
has just addressed us. 

"We hope that our profession will at all times merit 
the confidence that the bench and bar have so kindly 
bestowed upon us. Among the objects of our associating 
together is the establishing and maintaining a high 
standard of proficiency among members of our fraternity, 
and thereby placing the profession as a whole in a de- 
servedly high position among the professions of the day. 
That we may succeed in this endeavor is, I doubt not, 
the earnest wish of every member of this association. 
The spread of a knowledge of phonetic shorthand is 
another of the objects which we have proposed to our- 
selves. We think a great and beneficial work can be 
accomplished by our endeavor in that direction." 



(57) 



THE SHORTHAND AMANUENSIS.* 



JOHN F. COYKENDALL, PEORIA, ILL. 



11 Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen of the Congress: 

"Before proceeding, I must thank your worthy Secre- 
tary for the honor he has conferred upon me, in selecting 
me out of so many shorthand amanuenses as there are 
in the United States to-day, to prepare a paper on this 
subject. And while I must say, and I think it will be- 
come apparent to you all in a very few minutes, that I 
think the professor has made a mistake in thus selecting 
me, and, while I feel unequal to the task, yet I am ever 
ready to do any thing that will in the smallest degree 
assist in promoting the art of shorthand. 

"But a few years ago the shorthand amanuesis was a 
person comparatively unheard of, and a business house 
or professional man who employed a shorthand writer 
was looked upon as something ususual, and a little out 
of the general order of things. Look at the number of 
shorthand writers in the United States to-day. From 
Maine to California, from Lake Superior to the Gulf, 
there is not a city of any considerable importance in 
which may not be found one or more persons, at least, 
who depend on the practice of shorthand for a livli- 
hood. 



*Abstract. 



(58) 

"The field of the amanuensis covers almost every 
branch of business and every profession on the conti- 
nent. The wholesale merchant, the manufacturer, our 
railroads, our lawyers, and, in fact, all the arts and sci- 
ences acknowledge the benefit derived, and have called 
to their aid the shorthand writer, who, with ready pen 
and practiced hand and ear, shall enable them to keep 
pace with this busy age. And do they enable the mer- 
chant to dispatch his correspondence ? Do they assist 
the lawyer in the speedy preparation of his important 
papers? Do they facilitate the management of our 
great system of railroads ? The number of persons so 
employed in itself should answer the question emphatic- 
ically, yes. The importance of the shorthand amanuen- 
sis to the business men of to-day is apparent to all. 
By dictating his correspondence to a competent stenog- 
rapher he saves from four to six hours of valuable time 
each day. In the course of a year he would save one 
thousand two hundred and fifty-two hours, or a fraction 
over fifty-two days. This is something for a business 
man, who is always cramped for time, and always in 
a hurry to consider. If 'time is money' to him, fifty-two 
days saved in a year would be quite an item on his bank 
book. Then, too, time is not only saved by dictating 
his correspondence, but also by having a stenographer 
to dispatch it. A good stenographer, by the use of a 
typewriter, will write and have the correspondence ready 
for the mail in one-half the time it would take the busi- 
ness man to write it. Again, if it is written on a type- 
writer there is no discount on its appearance, whereas, 
if it was written with a pen by the business man, and, 
necessarily, at a very rapid speed, its legibility might be 
questioned. 



(59) 

"To be a successful amanuensis, a thorough knowledge 
of some good system is indispensable. I shall not under- 
take here to defend or recommend any system in partic- 
ular, for if there is one thing noticeable more than 
another among the shorthand profession that is un- 
seemly, it is the disputes which have been carried on 
from time to time as to which is the superior system. It 
is agreeable to note, however, that this is gradually 
dying out, and that a spirit of charity is spreading itself 
over the phonographic waters. It matters not so much 
to-day what system an amanuensis writes, but how he 
writes it, and still further, it is not of as much import- 
ance how he writes it as it is that he can read with facil- 
ity what he has written. An article in a recent number 
of The American Shorthand Writer, which bears directly 
on this question, says : 'The question is not how fast 
you can write, but how well you can read ?' And, con- 
tinuing, says: 'Do not dub yourself stenographer until 
you can stenograph words of two syllables without an 
intermission of five minutes between.' 

"Of nearly equal importance with that of a good sys- 
tem, well written, among the qualifications of a short- 
hand amanuensis, is good penmanship. Many a young 
person who has been able to write shorthand with 
fluency, and who has been able to read the notes thus 
written with rapidity and accuracy, has found that his 
or her poor penmanship has been the sole ground of not 
pleasing a would-be employer, and have heard with 
some chagrin the admonition to 'improve your hand- 
writing.' It would seem that one's penmanship should 
be unexceptionable, but, alas, how many poor longhand 
writers are found among the ranks (if I may use the ex- 
pression) of a writing army. However, to the poor 



( 6o ) 

longhand writers among our amanuensis comes the type- 
writer, the greatest boon the shorthand profession has 
ever had. 

"Again, a thorough knowledge of the grammatical con- 
struction of our language is indispensable to an amanu- 
ensis. If his letters are poorly constructed, words mis- 
spelled, and the sheet bearing unmistakable signs of 
having come from the hands of a novice, how long will 
it take the business man to find out and tell the aspirant 
for success in the shorthand field that he 'won't suit ?' 
Perhaps some here present can answer this by refresh- 
ing their memories as to their first attempts. Generally, 
however, the amanuensis of the present time are pos- 
sessed of a fair knowledge of grammar, very few, I hope, 
being so verdant as one who told me some time ago, 
that 'he could read his notes all right and transcribe 
them correctly, but what bothered him was to know 
where to put those little period and comma marks.' " 



(6i) 



DEATH OF J. Q. ADAMS. 



Mr. Speaker. 

" The mingled tones of sorrow, like the voice of 
many waters, have come to us from a sister state — Mass- 
achusetts, weeping for her honored son. The state I 
have had the honor in part to represent once endured, 
with yours, a common suffering, battled for a common 
cause, and rejoiced in a common triumph. Surely, then, 
it is meet, and in this day, the day of your affliction, we 
should mingle our griefs. 

"When a great man falls, the nation mourns; when a 
patriarch is removed, the people weep. Ours, my asso- 
ciates, is no common bereavement. The chain which 
linked our hearts with the gifted spirits of former times 
has been suddenly snapped. The lips from which flowed 
those living and glorious truths that our fathers uttered 
are closed in death. 

"Yes, my friends, Death has been among us! He has 
not entered the humble cottage of some unknown, ig- 
noble, peasant; he has knocked audibly at the palace of 
a nation! His footsteps have been heard in the halls of 
state! He has cloven down his victim in the midst of 
the councils of a people. He has borne in triumph from 
among you the gravest, wisest, most reverend head. 
Ah! he has taken him as a trophy who was once chief 
over many statesmen, adorned with virtue, and learning. 
and truth; he has borne at his chariot wheels a renowned 
one of the earth. 



(62) 

" How often have we crowded into that aisle, and 
clustered around that now vacant desk, to listen to the 
counsels of wisdom as they fell from the lips of the ven- 
erable sage, we can all remember, for it was but of yes- 
terday. But what a change! How wondrous! how 
sudden! 'Tis like a vision of the night. That form 
which we beheld but a few days since, is now cold in 
death! 

" But the last Sabbath, and in this hall, he worshiped 
with others. Now his spirit mingles with the noble 
army of martyrs and the just made perfect, in the eter- 
nal adoration of the living God. With him, 'this is the 
end of earth.' He sleeps the sleep that knows no wak- 
ing. He is gone — and forever! The sun that ushers in 
the morn of the next holy day, while it gilds the lofty 
dome of the capitol, shall rest with soft and mellow 
light upon the consecrated spot beneath whose turf for- 
ever lies the Patriot Father and the Patriot Sage." 

— L. E. Holmes. 



(63) 



EXTRACT 

Froim one of Col. Ingersoll's Remarkable Speeches. 



"The past, as it were, rises before me like a dream. 
Again we are in great struggle for national life. We 
hear the sound for preparation — the music of the boist- 
erous drums — the silver voices of heroic bugles. We 
see thousands of assemblages, and hear the appeals of 
orators, we see the pale cheeks of women, and the flushed 
faces of men; and in those assemblages we see all the 
dead whose dust we have covered with flowers. We 
lose sight of them no more. We are with them when 
they enlist in the great army of freedom. We see them 
part with those they love. Some are walking for the 
last time in quiet, woody places with the maidens they 
adore. We hear the whisperings and the sweet vows of 
eternal love as they lingeringly part forever. Others 
are bending over cradles kissing babies that are asleep. 
Some are receiving the blessings of old men. Some are 
parting with mothers who hold them and press them 
to their hearts again and again, and say nothing; and 
some are talking with wives, and endeavoring with brave 
words spoken in the old tones to drive away the awful 
fear. We see them part. We see the wife standing in 
the door with the babe in her arms — standing in the 
sunshine sobbing — at the turn of the road a hand 
waves — she answers by holding high in her loving hands 
the child. He is gone, and forever. 



(6 4 ) 

" We see them all as they march proudly away under 
the flaunting flags, keeping time to the wild grand music 
of war — marching down the streets of the great cities — 
through the towns and across the prairies — down to the 
fields of glory, to do and to die for the eternal right. 

"We go with them one and all. We are by their side 
on all the gory fields, in all their hospitals of pain — on 
all the weary marches. We stand guard with them in 
wild storm and quiet stars. We are with them in ra- 
vines running with blood — in the furrows of old fields. 
We are with them between contending hosts, unable to 
move, wild with thirst, the life ebbing slowly away 
among the withered leaves. We see them pierced with 
balls and torn with shells in the trenches of forts, and in 
the whirlwind of the charge, where men become iron, 
with nerves of steel. 

" We are with them in the prisons of hatred and fam- 
ine, but human speech can never tell what they endured. 

"We are at home when the news comes that they are 
dead. We see the maiden in the shadow of her sorrow. 
We see the silvered head of the old man bowed with the 
last grief. 

"The past rises before us, and we see four millions of 
human beings governed by the lash — we see them bound 
hand and foot — we hear the strokes of the cruel whips — 
we see the hounds tracking women through tangled 
swamps. We see babies sold from the breasts of moth- 
ers. Cruelty unspeakable! Outrage infinite! 

" Four million bodies in chains — four million souls in 
fetters. All the sacred relations of wife, mother, father, 
and child trampled beneath the brutal feet of might. 
And all this was done under our own beautiful banner of 
the free. 



(65) 

" The past rises before us. We hear the roar and 
shriek of the bursting shell. The broken fetters fall. 
There heroes died. We look. Instead of slaves we see 
men and women and children. The wand of progress 
touches the auction-block, the slave-pen, and the whip- 
ping-post, and we see homes and firesides, and school- 
houses and books, and where all was want and crime, 
and cruelty and fear, we see the faces of the free. 

" These heroes are dead. They died for liberty — they 
died for us. They are at rest. They sleep in the land 
they made free, under the flag they rendered stainless, 
under the solemn pines, the sad hemlocks, the tearful 
willows, the embracing vines. They sleep beneath the 
shadows of the clouds, careless alike of sunshine or 
storm, each in the windowless palace of rest. Earth 
may run red with other wars — they are at peace. In the 
midst of battle, in the roar of conflict, they found the 
serenity of death. I have one sentiment for the soldiers 
living and dead — cheers for the living and tears for the 
dead." 



(66) 



OUTLINING. 



One of the most difficult things for the stu- 
dent of shorthand to learn is outlining; i. e., 
determining at once just what consonants and 
vowels are to be used in writing a word. To 
assist the pupil as much as possible in this mat- 
ter, we append a list of words. 



HOW TO USE THE LIST. 



All the stem letters are represented by Ro- 
man capitals; the vowels by small, or lower- 
case letters. Half-length strokes are repre- 
sented by capitalizing the letter immediately 
preceding d or t, and following it with the low- 
er-case d or t. 

When the / and r compounds are to be used, 
they are represented by capitalizing the lead- 
ing consonant, followed immediately by / or t 
in lower case. The ;^-hook and circle ^S are 
lower-case letters. 



(67) 



LIST OF WORDS. 



Abbreviation 


A 

BrVshn Absurdity 


aBsRPshn 


Abdomen 


- aBDMn 


Abundance - 


- aBndns* 


Abbreviate 


Br Vt 


Academic 


aKDMK 


Abduce 


aBDs 


Accede 


aKsd 


Aberration 


- aBRshn 


Accommodate 


aKMdt 


Abide - 


abid 


Accom'odation aKMDashn 


Ability 


BiLT 


Accompany 


- aPNi 


Abnormal - 


-aBnrML 


Acquaintance - 


- aKnt 


Able-bodied 


- aBLBDD 


Accumulation 


aKMlashn 


Abolish 


- aBLsh 


Advertisement - 


aDsmnt 


Abolition - 


aBLshn 


Advisement - 


- aVsmnt 


Abridge 


aBrJ 


Advocacy 


aVKSi 


Abroad 


-aBrD 


Administer - 


- aMNstr 


Aboard 


- aBrD 


Administration 


aMNstrshn 


Abruptly - 


aBRtL 


Aforesaid 


- aFRsD 


Abscess 


aBss 


Almighty - 


"all"MT 


Abscond - 


aBsKnd 


Amphitheater 


MFThtr 


Absence 


aBsns 


Amplitude 


MP1TD 


Absentee 


aBsnt 


Analogous - 


aNaLGs 


Absolute 


- aBsLT 


Anniversary 


aVRsR 


Absolve - 


aBsLV 


Annoyance - 


- aNNs 


Absorb 


- aBsRB 


Appearance 


aPRNs 


Absorption 


- aBsRPshn 


Appendage - 


aPnJ 


Abstain 


- aBsTan 


Advisable 


aVsBL 


Abstract - 


aBstrKt 


Anatomy 


- aNTMi 


Abstraction - 


aBstrKshn 


Arithmetic 


- RThTK 



* Circle S on n-hook side. 



(68) 



Baker - 

Bakery 

Balance 

Bandage - 

Baptism 

Ballot-box 

Banquet 


BKr 
- BKri 

- BLNs 
BNDJ 

- BPTsM 
BITBKs 

- BNqt 


Barometer 

Baptist 

Become - 

Became 

Benefit - 

Bequeath 

Beauty 


BRMtr 

- BPtst 
-BKM 

- BKaM 
BNFit 

- BKTh 
- BuT 


Calendar 
Cancellation 
Candidate - 
Cardinal - 
Celebrate 
Cessation 


C 

- KLNdr Ceremony - 
KNsLsh Challenge 

- KNDT Chancery - 
- KRdNL Chattel - 

- SLBrt Civilize 
SsSshn Christmas 


- sRMN 
ChLNJ 

- ChNsR 

ChTL 

sVLs 

KRsMs 


Damage 
Damnation 
Defensive 
Deliverance 
Denounce - 


D 

DMJ Description 

- DMNshn Dedicate 

- DFNsV Determination • 

- DLVRNs Destruction - 

- DNNs Diminish - 


- DsKrPshn 

- DDKt 

• DTrNshn 

DsTrKshn 

- DMNSh 


Elaborate - 
Efficient - 
Electricity - 
Emancipate 


E 

LBRt Employee - 
FShnt Encyclopedia 
- LKTrsT Examination 
MNsPt Exclamatory 


- MPloi 

- NSK1PD 

- KsMshn 

- SKlMTr 


Fanaticism - 
Fashionable 
Favoritism - 


F 

- FNTsM Funeral - 
FsNBl Furniture 
FVRtsM Finance - 


FNRL 
FrNTR 

FNNs 



/ 



(69) 



Generalization 


JNrLshn 


Gymnast - 


JMNsT 


Generation 


JNrshn 


Gravitation - 


GrVTshn 


Gymnasium - 


- JMNsM 


Graduate 


GrdYT 




H 




Hasbus Corpus 


HBsKrPs 


Humanity 


HMNT 


Harmonious 


HRMNs 


Humility 


- HMLT 


Humorous - 


- HMRs 


Hysterics 


- HsTrKs 


Idealty 


- IDLT 


I 

Impudent 


- "i'TDnt 


Identify - 


-IDnF 


Indeed 


-«i"DD 


Idiosyncrasy 


IDsNKrs 


Index 


"i"DKs 


Landscape - 


L 

- LNsKp Ludicrous 


LDKrs 


Liberality 


LB"R1"T 


Ledger 


LJR 


Legislature - 


- LJsLTr 


Lawyer - 


- LYR 




M 




Melancholy - 


- MLNK1 


Multitude - 


- MLTD 


Modification - 


MFKshn 


Municipal 


MNsPL 


Money 


MNi 


Mystery 


- MsTr 


Multiply - 


MLTP1 


Multiform 


- MLTFM 



Note. — As mentioned elsewhere, the above list of words is 
given to simply assist the learner in getting an idea of how words are 
formed. A careful study of the above will probably prove sufficient 
to gain this end. 



X. 




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